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Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral 00078 / http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/RevOsteoporosMetabMiner.00078

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Avances en medicina regenerativa para trastornos ortopédicos: células madre, plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) y bioimpresión

Kirolos Eskandar

Prepublicado: 2025-06-23

Publicado: 2025-06-23

VOLUMEN 17, NÚM. 2, abril-junio (2025), PAG. 90-100

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Los trastornos ortopédicos, como la osteoartritis, las fracturas y las lesiones de los tendones, representan una carga importante para la atención médica y, a menudo, provocan dolor crónico y discapacidad. Los avances en medicina regenerativa han revolucionado el panorama de los tratamientos y ofrecen soluciones novedosas para mejorar la reparación de los tejidos y restaurar su función. Esta revisión explora tres enfoques transformadores en medicina regenerativa: terapia con células madre, plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) y bioimpresión. Las células madre, en particular las células madre mesenquimales, muestran un inmenso potencial para la regeneración del cartílago, la curación ósea y la reparación de los tendones a través de sus propiedades de diferenciación e inmunomoduladoras. El PRP, rico en factores de crecimiento, ha ganado importancia para acelerar la curación de la osteoartritis y las lesiones de los tejidos blandos, aunque la estandarización sigue siendo un desafío. La bioimpresión, una frontera emergente, permite la fabricación de implantes y andamiajes de tejidos personalizados, ampliando los límites de la atención ortopédica. En este artículo se destacan los mecanismos, las aplicaciones clínicas, la eficacia comparativa y los desafíos de estas terapias, al tiempo que se hace hincapié en su potencial sinérgico y en las innovaciones futuras. La medicina regenerativa promete transformar los tratamientos ortopédicos, cerrar las brechas en la atención actual y allanar el camino para soluciones sanitarias personalizadas y sostenibles.

Palabras Clave: Medicina regenerativa, trastornos ortopédicos, terapia con células madre, plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP), bioimpresión

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