Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral H0298
Trabajo Original
Risk of fracture according to FRAX®, hypovitaminosis D, and quality of life in a population with osteoporotic fracture cared for in primary care: baseline description of the VERFOECAP cohort
Martínez-Laguna D, Arias-Moliz I, Soria A, Estrada-Laza P, Coderch-Aris M, Nogués-Solán X, Prieto-Alhambra D, en representación del grupo de investigación VERFOECAP
Fundamento: El paciente con fractura osteoporótica en Atención Primaria ha sido poco estudiado. El estudio VERFOECAP tiene un doble objetivo: estimar si el riesgo de fractura (FRAX®) en pacientes fracturados es diferente en pacientes con y sin refractura, y estudiar la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D y el impacto de la fractura en calidad de vida. Presentamos una descriptiva basal.
Material y método: Diseño y ámbito: estudio de cohortes prospectivo multicéntrico, en Atención Primaria (12 centros en Cataluña). Población: muestra aleatoria de pacientes con antecedente de fractura osteoporótica principal entre 2006 y 2008 atendidos en Atención Primaria. Recogida de información: en visita de inclusión, se recogió información clínica, cuestionarios de calidad de vida ECOS16 (específico) y EuroQol-5D (genérico), y se realizó una radiografía de columna y determinación de vitamina D en suero. Se realizará seguimiento hasta dos años. Análisis: Comparación entre grupos mediante T-test o Chi-cuadrado. Prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D e intervalo de confianza mediante test binomial.
Resultados: Se incluyó a 194 pacientes. Se calculó riesgo medio (desviación estándar) de fractura según FRAX® de cadera: 6,9% (6,4), y de fracturas osteoporóticas principales: 14,8% (8,6). EuroQol-5D mostró frecuentes limitaciones para caminar (47,6%) y para actividades cotidianas (45,5%); el 55,0% refirieron moderado dolor, y el 41,0% ansiedad/depresión. La puntuación ECOS-16 fue mayor en pacientes con historia de fractura vertebral (p<0,001). La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D fue del 61,4% (IC 95%: 53,6%-68,9%).
Conclusiones: La cohorte VERFOECAP incluye pacientes con fractura osteoporótica atendidos en Atención Primaria de alto riesgo de refractura y con importante deterioro de la calidad de vida. En estos pacientes, el déficit de vitamina D es muy prevalente.
Palabras Clave: osteoporosis, primary care, vitamin D, osteoporotic fractures, risk factors, FRAX®, therapeutic compliance.
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